Factors Affecting Fermentation of Glucose by Yeast

Fermentation is anaerobic respiration whereby food is altered into more simple compounds and energy in the form of chemicals is produced, an example being adenosine triphosphate (biology-online. org/dictionary/Fermentation). All this occurs with the lack of atmospheric oxygen. At the end of the day alcohol and carbon dioxide are the end products when yeast is used in the fermentation procedure. But end products like acetic acid or lactic acid can also be gained depending on the circumstances. The salinity, air conditions, temperature, pH of the system, the enzyme systems of microorganisms, and the type of sugars being fermented can show a variety in the type of end products produced. In this study the tube with the highest amount of chlorine is added, an increase in the rate of fermentation should be observed. Methods and Materials: 100ml of the stock solution of 10% glucose was placed into four separate beakers. Each beaker was labeled â€Å"1 (control),† â€Å"2 (5 drops),† â€Å"3 (10 drops),† and â€Å"4 (15 drops)†. Five drops of 6% sodium hypochlorite was added to beaker #2, 10 drops to beaker #3, and 15 drops to beaker #4. The contents of the yeast suspension were then stirred thoroughly to be sure the yeast cells were suspended and not settled at the bottom and to each solution 50ml of the yeast suspension was added. The contents of each beaker were stirred with a glass stirring rod to mix the solutions thoroughly. Each of the four fermentation tube bowls were filled with one of the solutions and the tubes were tilted so that the vertical arm was full, but the bowl was nearly empty. Each fermentation tube was labeled in order to indicate its contents. The tubes were placed in a warm place (in an incubator or near a heat lamp). Every 10 minutes for 90 minutes a measurement was made and the amount of gas produced in each of the four fermentation tubes was recorded and graphed. Results: Figure 1 As shown in figure 1, this study revealed that when chlorine was added there was a decline in the fermentation tubes excluding group â€Å"two,† the five drop tube. Therefore this observation concluded that when there’s a large amount of chlorine the fermentation rate slowed down. But when there was a little amount of chlorine there was increase in the rate of fermentation. An average of about 15 additional minutes were spared in order to equal the amount of fermentation in the control tube and five drop tube when large amounts of chlorine were evident. Discussion: All four beakers were evaporated by the 60 minute mark. The solution with five drops was the first to completely evaporate, following with the control group, the 10 drops and finally the 15 drops. No real conclusions could be drawn from this study because of the order in which the evaporation was completed. This lab also generates questions that could not have been asked before the lab. Why do some fermentation tubes have all their solution evaporate and not others? What would have happened if more yeast solution were added to the fermentation tubes? With the information discovered, experimenters know some of the different factors affecting fermentation of glucose by yeast. This information will help alcoholic fermentation in the wine and beer industries.

Nowadays corporate governance

Nowadays corporate governance is seen as the key of attracting investors. Capital flow seems directed towards the companies, which practice fair and transparent ways of governing their organizations. With the changing global business scenario the need of understanding and effective practice of fair and technologically advance corporate governance has also increased. In my speech I will first explain the notion of Corporate Governance. ICAEW (2002) has explained corporate governance in a very effective and comprehensive manner as â€Å" Corporate governance is commonly referred to as a system by which organizations are directed and controlled. It is the process by which company objectives are established, achieved and monitored. Corporate governance is concerned with the relationships and responsibilities between the board, management, shareholders and other relevant stakeholders within a legal and regulatory framework.† Sir Adrian Cadbury (1992) defined corporate governance as ‘the whole system of controls, both financial and otherwise, by which a company is directed and controlled’. There are no hard and fast rules for corporate governance, which can be prescribed for all the countries. These rules can be different for different countries according to their needs and cultural settings. According to ICAEW (2002) with all the contrasts present in the rules and regulations of different countries emphasis is given to generic corporate governance principles of responsibility, accountability, transparency and fairness. Responsibility of directors who approve the strategic direction of the organization within a framework of prudent controls and who employ, monitor and reward management. Accountability of the board to shareholders who have the right to receive information on the financial stewardship of their investment and exercise power to reward or remove the directors entrusted to run the company. Transparency of clear information with which meaningful analysis of a company and its actions can be made. The disclosure of financial and operational information and internal processes of management oversight and control enable outsiders to understand the organization. Fairness that all shareholders are treated equally and have the opportunity for redress for violation of their rights. According to Meigs et al. (1999) this information meets the needs of users of the information-investors. Creditors, managers, and so on-and support many kinds of financial decision performance evaluation and capital allocation, among others. (P.07) Corporations resolutely focus on maximizing profits and a ‘legal obligation to act in the best interests of their shareholders. By and large, this excludes acting ethically or socially responsibly†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢(Slapper and Tombs, 1999). (Shah, 2002) states that some Trans-national corporations make more in sales than the GDPs (Gross Domestic Product) of many countries. In fact, of the 100 hundred wealthiest bodies, 51 percent are owned by corporations. While this can be seen as a success story from some viewpoints, others suggest that these and other large corporations are largely unaccountable for the many social and environmental problems that they leave in their wake, and that their size means that their effects are considerable. It is not that every single corporation is inherently bad or greedy, but commonly, the very large, multinational corporations who naturally have vested interests in international development and trade policies (like any group) are able to deploy enormous financial resources in an attempt to get favorable outcomes. The political power that is therefore held by such a small number of people impacts the planet significantly. As a result a few of these corporations make up some of the most influential sources of political and economic power. Naturally, with such influence it is not clear   ‘who’ the regulator is. And as Clarkson’s (1999) earlier quote suggests money and power, in corporate activity, are paired. And where profit supersedes safety and power supersedes regulation there stands the conflict of interests, for the victims of corporate crime. These are for the most part neither wealthy nor powerful although, when they are liability is certainly applied copiously. For example in the case of Enron the former chief accounting officer, Richard Causey was indicted on charges of ‘ fraud, conspiracy, insider trading, lying to auditors and money laundering for allegedly knowing about or participating in a series of schemes to fool investors into believing Enron was financially healthy’ (findlaw.com). The ‘victims’ in this case were the investors who were identifiable and influential. Violations, which impact on financial systems, are subject to more scrupulous legislative administration, compared with social infringements (snider 1991 cited in Slapper and Tombs 1999:89). Increased attention to corporate crime would mean relating to large companies as ‘criminals’ (Slapper and Tombs, 1999). An issue, (Sullivan, 1995 cited in Clarkson, 1998) renders impossible on the basis that ‘crimes can only be committed by human, moral agents’. Media attention will focus on financial aspects of corporate crime due to its impact on a political scale and the sensational-factor that is the ‘respectable’ figures committing crime as well a the belief/knowledge that ‘scandal sells’. Scandal, is common reference for this financial aspect but noting the influence of language Slapper and Tombs (1999) note that this sets a’ scale’ for perceptions, rendering it uncommon/unusual. Another scale, which has been set in the last few decades, is the increasing complains of the least risk disclosure by the companies in their annual reports and financial statements. This is also accompanied by the misuse of the accounting techniques by the executive officers and managers of the corporations. As in case of Enron the technique of off balance sheet reporting was used in negative manner. Investors are often aware of the risks they take and in itself, off-balance-sheet financing is no vice. Companies can use it in perfectly legitimate ways that carry little risk to shareholders. The trouble is that while more companies are relying on off-balance-sheet methods to finance their operations, investors are usually unaware that a company with a clean balance sheet may be loaded with debt — until it is too late. (Morgenson, 2001) A change is required in the regulations. The accounting firm should not perform the consulting and auditing services both. The Companies should be required by the Government to increase their degrees of disclosure. The top-level management should be held more responsible by tightening up the regulations. They should also be held responsible in case of any frauds and regulatory violations of their subordinates. This in turn will give rise to the sense of responsibility in the people related at all levels. (Hanson, 2002) References Cadbury Sir Adrian, (1992). Report of the Committee on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance, Gee & Co Ltd., UK Clarkson, Max (Editor), The Corporation and Its Stakeholders: Classic and Contemporary Readings, University of Toronto Press, 1998. ICAEW, (2002). What is Corporate Governance? Institute of   Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, Retrieved 30/10/2007 from Hanson, K., (2002). Lessons from the Enron Scandal, interview about Enron by Atsushi Nakayama, a reporter for the Japanese newspaper Nikkei, March 5, 2002, Retrieved 30/10/2007 from http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/ethicalperspectives/enronlessons.html ICAEW, (2002). Corporate governance developments in the UK, Institute of  Ã‚  Ã‚   Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, Retrieved 30/10/2007 from Meigs, Robert F., Williams, Jan, R., Haka, Susan F. & Bettner, Mark S., (1999). Accounting: The Basis for Business Decisions, Eleventh Edition, Irwin Mc Graw-Hill, p. 07 Moregenson, G., (2001). Are New Woes Lurking in Financial Nether World? The Associated Press, December 23, 2001, Retrieved 30/10/2007 from http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/articles/isthisdebt.htm Slapper, G.,   & Tombs, S., Longman, (1999). Getting Away with Murder, Corporate Crime, Reviewed by Chris Moore, Issue 47, May 2000 Shah, A., (2002). Corporations and the Environment, Page Last Updated Saturday, May 25, 2002, Retrieved 30/10/2007 from               

Skills Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Skills Development - Essay Example Additionally, it is a task of knowing your personal weaknesses, coming up with plans of action on how you can improve them (Lumley and Wilkinson, 2014, p.1). Lumley and Wilkinson (2014, p.1) add that there are more graduates looking for jobs, therefore, a person needs to have distinct features in order to stand out of the crowd. Graduates need to provide distinctive evidence that they not only possess transferable skills, but also special kind of mindsets. Basically, a key factor for employment is a person’s mindset, which is characterized by varied attitudes that are often demonstrated through a range of activities. For example, the extracurricular activities that people engage in. Richard (2009, p.7) advises that, the development of accounting staff should not be neglected as this can be a long term detriment to a business. The fresh graduate’s portfolio needs to have a multiple knowledge base with a range of skills that are acquired through the university curriculum and then consolidated by practice. Indeed, a variety of technical skills assist professional accountants to satisfy their employers by conducting their work efficiently and effectively. Essentially, functional and technical skills involve a range of general skills and skills that are specifically tailored to the field of accountancy. The skills required include, risk analysis and decision making, numeracy skills, measurement skills, reporting skills, and compliance with regulatory and legislative necessities (Oussii and Klibi, 2013, p119). The accounting profession has faced a close scrutiny due to failure of high-profile corporates, globalization, and mutable technologies. As a result, more employers are in quest of a diverse range of attributes and skills as a requirement to offer employment (Kavanagh and Drennan, 2008, p. 280). K avanagh and Drennan (2008, p. 280) assert that,

Groupwork Tools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Groupwork Tools - Essay Example The important aspects or tools through which the productivity of team work is affected are numerous. Therefore, to accomplish utmost efficiency, group or any team work requires certain tools to enhance the chances of accomplishing targets. Working effectively in a group involves few basic and compulsory steps which include introduction, looking for similarities with any group member, listening intently to others, praising others, taking turns, honesty, invisible support to others, avoiding arguments and conflicts, pleasantly providing alternatives for suggested ideas by other member so to put it more optimistically, promoting humor, showing courtesy and frankness if need be, giving opportunity to new and young members to share their ideas and put all the ideas in writing without missing important suggestions, being generous to share ideas with a group and appreciate them on uniqueness brought by them and finally shared decision making (Pausch, 1998). The more positive attitude and energy prevail in a group, the maximum creativity and productivity can be attained from a group work (Sawyer, 2012). The problems which can be faced by any group member are due to the apathetic attitude of other group members, which directly affects the learning process and, hence, an individual is unable to bring his share of productivity in it (Clark, 2003). Often, many abilities aren’t recognized unless a person indulges himself in a group activity which supports and shines out the ability in him (Douglas, 2000). Therefore, aloof and tactless behavior hinders the learning and developing process of other group members and decreases the chance of attaining shared vision. Absence of cooperative and collaborative approach dwindles the interest of others and, hence, reduces the chance of learning experience or recognition of one’s hidden potential (Brody, 1998). If a team member is unaware of the group

Deuteronomy 1-18 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Deuteronomy 1-18 - Essay Example It is therefore the Lord has declared man to be His image and glory (1 Corinthians 11:7). As a result, man’s relation to God looks for worshipping the Lord exclusively and complying with all the commandments manifestly described in the Scriptures. Book of Deuteronomy manifestly recounts the bounties of the Lord upon the Israelites, throughout the discussion, and in return requires His worship on the one side, and instructs them to be committed, dedicated and loyal towards Him on the other. Hence, the Biblical teachings in general and the Book of Deut in particular, clearly believe in monotheism, and preach the same to the Israelites that the Scripture does not allow having even the least suspicion about the singularity of divinity or monotheism altogether. The Old Testament (OT) reveals the very reality that since the House of Jacob is the favorite nation of the Lord, the Israelites should be the spiritual leader of the entire world in order to spread the holy message of the Lord to all human beings. Moreover, Almighty God had multiplied them many times from the era of their patriarchs onward (Deuteronomy 1:10-11); consequently, they became equivalent to the stars of heaven for multitude. He is the Lord, Who is actually the God of gods, and Lord of lords, a great God, a mighty, and a terrible, which regardeth not persons, nor taketh reward (Deut10:17). Thus, since Almighty God is the God of all the gods and lords, all creatures are bound to worship Him only, and for seeking His support for obtaining worldly and eternal bliss eventually. In addition, God had promised the Israelites of blessing the wise men among them with power to rule over the world (Deut 1:13-15). As a result, the generations of the Israelites, beginning from King Joseph, ruled over Egypt for several decades till they turned their backs to the word of God, and thus were deprived of their previous

Accreditation Audit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Accreditation Audit - Research Paper Example One of the most focused priority communication area of the joint commission standards that needs to be addressed immediately is â€Å"patient safety†. It is a priority because using the survey information it is found that â€Å"patient safety† is one of the priority focus process. It is necessary to review the organization’s patient safety norms from time to time to review the audit compliance standards related to patient safety. Some of the publicly available data which has called for the priority focus area are med par for hospitals and Nursing home compare reports. While all the areas in the hospital accreditation program are important like the assessment and care/ services, quality improvement expertise/Activities, communication, infection control and patient safety. The most important priority focus area which calls for an immediate accreditation audit is â€Å"patient safety† initiative. Therefore an accreditation audit is especially needed for the h ospital accreditation program and the priority focus area is patient safety. 1. Develop a corrective action plan that would ensure compliance with the Joint Commission standards for the identified area. The priority focus identified area is patient safety. Accreditation audit is done to measure the quality and practices followed by a company to achieve its result. The national patient safety goal is a corrective action plan that ensures compliance with the joint commission standards. It is important to conduct an accreditation audit on patient safety because the prime motive of hospitals and health care organizations is patient safety. The National Patient Safety Goals (NPSG), University of Michigan Hospitals and Health Centers (UMHHC) are some of the integrated programs focused on patient safety initiatives. This should be in compliance with the joint commission standards for patient safety. â€Å"The purpose of the National Patient Safety Goals is to improve patient safety. The goals focus on problems in health care safety and how to solve them† (Hospital National Patient Safety Goals, 2011). The national patient safety goals motive is to improve patient safety. The main pu rpose of the National patient safety is to focus on patient safety and find ways to resolve their problems. Efficient patient safety implies identification of all the risks that affect the safety of the patients. Efficient patient safety is a systematic process which involves examining of different activities that is needed to ensure the safety of patients. The patient safety program is to reduce medical hazards and errors so that patient safety can be increased. The accreditation audit for patient safety needs careful planning and analysis such as reviewing and modifying the organizational processes so that there is compliance with the joint commission standards on national patient safety initiative. Patient safety reports should be prepared bi weekly and monthly to ensure proper review of the existing patient safety initiatives and the required improvement needed in patient safety. It is necessary to effectively communicate with the hospital staff on proper compliance with the acc reditation auditing standards on patient safety so that they are fully versant with accreditation audit standards. It is also necessary to communicate effectively the patient safety standards to the patients, the family members of the

Internal Analysis and SWOT Analysis of Southwest airlines Term Paper

Internal Analysis and SWOT Analysis of Southwest airlines - Term Paper Example Southwest Airline started its operation in 1971 in the United States of America, and their aims have been focused on being different from the other airlines and to provide better services at a lower cost. Southwest airline is a healthier and a more composed airline company in the United States which has gained a large amount of revenues even in the hard times of recession. The weaknesses include the absence of Southwest airline in the international market and the unavailability of the business class seat arrangements. The strengths of the company overpowers its weaknesses therefore, the company is far ahead of its competitors in the competition race. It is recommended to the Board of Directors and the CEO that Southwest Airline has the leading market share in the competition but it cannot solely compete on the basis of low cost but it has to develop some further core competencies in order to compete in the market. The airline firm must always make their employees productive and fuel hedging should be avoided. Introduction: Southwest Airline began its operation in 1971 in the United States of America, and their aims have been focused on being different from the other airlines and to provide better services at a lower cost (Southwest Airline, 2012). This report is a proposal to the Board of Directors and CEO of the Southwest Airline which focuses on the internal analysis of the Southwest Airline. The paper would accomplish the task of analyzing the performance of the company and synthesizing the int ernal analysis with the external analysis of the Southwest Airline. Finally, the paper provides the results and findings about the company’s overall SWOT analysis and provides recommendations to the responsible authorities about Southwest Airlines performance. Strengths Rating Southwest airline is the low-cost carrier operating in the United States 5 The company remains higher ranked airline in terms of customer satisfaction 4 The airline hires the best people, best people for the best job 4 It was the first airline to introduce online ticket 5 Southwest has over 550 Boeing aircrafts which reduces training cost 4 Fuel hedge contract helps in managing the fuel cost effectively 4 Total 26 Weaknesses Rating The absence of Southwest airline in the international market 5 The seating arrangements are not classified for the business class 3 The aircrafts could not carry a large amount of freight 3 The airline tickets are directly available through the internet without intermediary 3 The flexibility in the fare is limited 3 Total 17 Results and Analysis: Southwest airline is a healthier and a more composed airline company in the United States which has gained a large amount of revenues even in the hard times of recession. The airline has innovated many processes as online ticketing and airfreight delivery and has been operating domestically in 42 states but however the company has not achieved its greater heights because of showing resistance in expanding the business internationally. Apart from that, the Southwest airline is considered to be the leading airline in terms of revenues and customer satisfaction (Lauer, 2010). Resource-based view framework: This is a management technique which is used to determine the competitive advantage of a company. In order to achieve success, a company must have operations and resources which should be distinctive from its competitors. In the first step, resources of Southwest airline should be identified in order to understa nd the core competencies of the company (Gittell, 2003). Tangible Resources: Southwest airline consists of 550 Boeing aircrafts which are operated in 97 destinations domestically. The company has a large amount of expert managers and technicians which are considered to be their assets. The company has a total assets worth of $18 Billion (Southwest Airlin

English Argumentative Paper Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

English Argumentative Paper - Assignment Example 136(2): 151-173. Journal article: Link: http://www.psychology.iastate.edu/faculty/caa/abstracts/2010-2014/10asisbsrs.pdf Buckley, K. E. and Anderson, C. A. â€Å"A Theoretical Model of the Effects and Consequences of Playing Video Games.† In Vorderer, P. and Bryant, J. (Eds.) Playing Video Games – Motives, Responses and Consequences. Mahwah, NJ: LEA, 2006, Ch. 24, 363-378. Book Chapter, link: http://books.google.com/books?id=8sY3z98pwM8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=A+Theoretical+Model+of+the+Effects+and+Consequences+of+Playing+Video+Games&source=bl&ots=M_IhutoP_c&sig=O5OAI8vABSaXKbwoxl-IA-qrPTE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=XdF0UIb9Ho-O8wSY5IBo&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=A%20Theoretical%20Model%20of%20the%20Effects%20and%20Consequences%20of%20Playing%20Video%20Games&f=false Castro, R. Let Me Play: Stories of Gaming and Emulation. Tucson, Arizona: Hats Off Books, 2005. Book, Link: http://books.google.com/books?id=D_xyy4fkwWIC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Let+Me+Play:+Stories+of+Gaming+and+Emulation&source=bl&ots=PeNWz2NmZ7&sig=2dvNLVQ_-50GhRTi73at7ZJfGpw&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ydF0UISKIJSc8gTPs4HoBQ&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA Gentile, D. A. and Anderson, C. A. â€Å"Violent Video Games: The Effects on Youth and Public Policy Implications.† In Dowd, N.; Singer, D. G. and Wilson, R. F. (Eds.) Handbook of Children, Culture and Violence. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2006, Ch. 12, 225-246. Book Chapter: Link: http://books.google.com/books?id=z6Mn0zcYfusC&pg=PA225&lpg=PA225&dq=Violent+Video+Games:+The+Effects+on+Youth+and+Public+Policy+Implications&source=bl&ots=D37U79NDwG&sig=4JQQZMnxvRkf1DkRyxizwpDhY8Q&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8tF0UMOnDIje8ASp0YC4BA&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Violent%20Video%20Games%3A%20The%20Effects%20on%20Youth%20and%20Public%20Policy%20Implications&f=false Kutner, L. and Olsen, C. Grand Theft Childhood: The Surprising Truth about Violent Video Games. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 2008. Book: Link:

Financial Econometrics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial Econometrics - Assignment Example Thus, the series has a significant autocorrelations across the years. However, compared to other years, lag 1, 5, 11 and 31 have larger partial autocorrelations. The above plot represents the difference in log of real personal disposable income. This data shows a stationary trend whereby the data points assume a straight line. Moreover, the graph shows that the data have a constant mean and variance. This implies that the first difference of the series achieves stationarity. The above graph represents the autocorrelations of DLrpdi series whereby all the years show significance autocorrelations. However, compared to other years, year 4 and year 10 have larger autocorrelations due to large variations. The above graph is a representation of the log of real personal consumption data over time. This series shows an upward trend. This implies that this variable has an upward trend across the years. This data is non-stationary since it is increasing with the change of time. The graph above shows autocorrelation of Lrc. ACF is significant across the years. At lag 1 it is quite high and it has a decreasing uniform trend across the years; implying that the data is not stationary. The above graph represents the partial autocorrelation of Lrc series whereby all the years show significance autocorrelations. However, compared to other years, year1, year 3 and year 4 have larger autocorrelations due to large variations. The above plot represents the difference in log of real personal consumption. This data shows a stationary trend whereby the data points assume a straight line. Moreover, the graph shows that the data has a constant mean and variance. This implies that the first difference of the series achieve stationarity. Therefore, since the p-values at lag 0 and lag 1 is less than 0.05 in the above tests, we fail to accept the null hypothesis which states that the difference in the Lrpdi and Lrc show a unit root; the difference does

Visual Encoding Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Visual Encoding - Assignment Example For Acoustic encoding, students may not understand if the words are just read to them, they must be learnt how to spell them and how to pronounce them. For example, about 500 years ago, 'Protestantism' was declared to the religion of California. Now the students may not be able to even pronounce the word, leave alone understanding it. So getting their syllables right is the first basic thing. For Semantic encoding, students once they get to know how to pronounce them, they would be able to get the difference between similar sounded words. After getting the difference, the next thing is to understand the meaning of what is being said. For example, take the above word, though people get to know how to spell it, they must be thought on how to understand it. For that, a common language description of its meaning is must. In Californian history class, lot of things would be about artilleries that they used in warfare. A lot of descriptions would be about it. So, if students are given to experience the models of those artilleries physically, they will be able to understand the descriptions about it. This is tactile encoding.

Hi-tech technology solutions Essay Example for Free

Hi-tech technology solutions Essay Harsha and Franklin both of them are post graduates in management under different streams from same B-School. Both of them are close to each other from the college days itself and the same friendship is continuing in the organisation too as they are placed in the same company, Hy-tech technology solutions. Harsha placed in HR department as employee counselor and Franklin in finance department as key finance executive. As per the grade is concerned both are at same level but when responsibility is concerned Franklin is holding more responsibility being in core finance. By nature Harsha is friendly in nature and ready to help the needy and Franklin is silent in nature ready to help if approached personally and always a bit egoistic in nature. They have successfully completed 4 years in the organization and management is very much satisfied with both of them as they are equally talented and constant performers. Harsha felt that now a day’s Franklin is not like as he use to be in past and She also noticed some behavioral changes with him. During general conversations she feels that Franklin is taunting her that she is famous among the employees in the organisation in the other hand he is not even recognised by fellow employees. One morning Mr. Mehta General Manager Hy-tech technology solutions shocked while going through the mail received from Franklin about his resignation. Mr. Mehta called Harsha immediately and discussed about the same as she is close to Franklin. By hearing the news Harsha got stunned and said that she do not know this before she also reveled here current experience with him. Mr. Mehta who do not want to loose both of them promised her that he will handle this and he won’t allow Franklin to resign. In the afternoon Mr. Metha took Franklin to Canteen to make him comfortable after some general discussion he starts on the issue. Franklin, after some hesitations opened his thinking in front of Mr. Mehta. The problem of Franklin is: 1) when he comes alone to canteen the people from other don’t even recognize him but if he accompanied by Harsha he get well treated by others. 2) one day Both of them entered the company together the security in the gate wished them but the next day when he came alone the same security did not do so. 3) Even in meetings held in the office the points raised by Harsha will get more value so many a times he keeps silent in the meeting. It happens to Franklin that he has to face such degradation in each day of work which totally disturbs him. Franklin also questioned that † Harsha and myself have same qualification, from same institute, passed out in the same year both with first class. We have same number of experience in this organisation. More over the responsibilities with me are more valuable than that of Harsha. After all this things if I am been ignored or unrecognized by the fellow employees my ego does not allow me to continue here†. By listening this statement Mr. Metha felt that it is not going to be very difficult to stop his resignation. Mr. Mehta explained Franklin the reasons for such partial behavior of the employees. After listening to Mr. Mehta Franklin said sorry for his reaction and ready to take back his resignation. And he called Harsha and spoke with like before. QUESTION:- Find the reason that Mr. Mehta would have given to Franklin. SOLUTION:- Mr. Mehta listening to this case understood the situation and realized the reason behind the partial response given by the employees towards Franklin and Harsha. As Franklin said both Harsha and Franklin are passed out from same college in same year. Both of them joined the company together both have same experience. Even in performance wise both stands in the same level i. e. both are constant performers and good performers. Franklin analysed all the above said similarities between him and Harsha. He also stated that he holds more responsibility than that of Harsha. One thing Franklin did not notice or analysed is the job profile of Harsha. It is true that Franklin holds more responsibility than that of Harsha but when it comes to direct interaction with employees Harsha wins the employees attention in this aspect. Harsha being counselor in HR she faces the employees every day. She developed good rapport among the employees due to her friendly nature. She is always remembered by the employees whenever they face any problem as she gives good counseling and most of the times she suggest best solutions for such issues. Franklin though holding key position in finance his profile does not allow him to interact with the employees. Though he has helping tendency he does only when someone approached him personally. Mr. Mehta having good experience understood these things when Franklin explained his problems one by one. Later he relates each situation, explained by Franklin with the above said reasons, and made Franklin understood the reality. Mr. Mehta said that the security in the gate or the employees in the canteen who recognized Harsha and not Franklin would have interacted with her during counseling or approached her for any issues. And as usual she would have counseled well or solved the issues of them that is the reason why they treat her and wish her whenever where ever they meet her. When it comes to the case of Franklin they would have hardly met him or interacted with him. When it comes to the point that even in office meetings Harsha, points are valued so Franklin keeps mum. For this Mr. Mehta replied that the points put forward by her would be related to employees or from employees point of view which actually the management wants to know so they give value to her points. And as quoted Fraklin after, one or two such incidents, keeps silent in the meeting. He never made an attempt to raise some suggestions so management does not have any option to listen to that suggestion. After listening to all the explanations given by Mr. Mehta Franklin realized his mistake and felt proud about the Rapport developed by Harsha among the employees. He said to Mr. Mehta that he will take back his resignation. And rushed to Harsha to make an apology and to meet her as a friend as like his college days.

South Africa’s Peaceful Social Change Essay Example for Free

South Africa’s Peaceful Social Change Essay An integrated society or methodological system on resolving certain conflicts is perhaps one of the key factors in buoying up peace within the post-settlement environment. The ideological milieu to such a coherent series of statements leading from a premise to a conclusion is divulged by traversing over the key figures and conceptual entities such as the merging of distinct technologies, industries, or devices into a unified whole and post-settlement context. Moreover, notions with regard to civilizations, community concepts, resolving conflicts, and building peace and order are also acknowledged in contributing essential benefits to these key figures. Given the explication above, vestiges that are relying on experience and/or observation alone often without due regard for system and theory, are shown through an excerpt from Watching the Wind: Conflict Resolution During South Africa’s Transition to Democracy. Such contemporary issues concerning methodological systems of community development and/or resolving certain conflicts have led the people, particularly South Africa’s communities, into struggling to address the needs of every citizen, motivating the entire community to fight for their rights and privileges, and acknowledging the importance of democracy to the whole country. Hence, this paper unfolds how social change takes place in a successful manner along the way where a nation struggles against the end of racial segregation—a former policy of segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of South Africa. Contemporary Issues and Challenges in South Africa Various countries around the world have admired South Africa’s strong transition to democracy. Many of them believed that the nation would gain its victory upon observing the number of African people struggling over apartheid. Therefore, numerous countries from across the world learned that the nation’s previous form of government would have led the entire country to a certain revolution. Susan Collin Marks, one of the thousands of South Africans, has committed herself to making the strategic system of obtaining the real freedom peacefully (â€Å"Watching the Wind: Conflict Resolution During South Africa’s Transition to Democracy†). Many of her compatriots believed that if they aim to create a peaceful world, which was free from unjust or cruel exercise of authority or power (which has been marked by cynicism and rancor, prejudiced hostility or animosity, battles and impending wars), they need to find ways to resolve the conflicts in democratic means. Therefore, South Africa has garnered invaluable insights toward the course of democracy. Apartheid, which has been the mode or form of government in South Africa, unleashed a state or period of time that was marked by violence often committed by those in power that produces widespread terror. Such a royal authority prolonged for over forty years and put the number of people to imprisonment. Hence, numerous countries have considered such event as cruel and merciless regime that the entire world has ever seen subsequently to the time of Hitler in Germany (â€Å"Watching the Wind: Conflict Resolution During South Africa’s Transition to Democracy†). Indeed, it has been an extremely outstanding or unusual event that South Africa was still able to obtain a peaceful transition to democracy despite the fact that the nation has suffered such ruthless circumstances. Marks’s Watching the Wind: Conflict Resolution During South Africa’s Transition to Democracy is truly a more compelling and inspiring book that unfolds the systematic ways, which have been used by Africans in order to obtain a peaceful change in their society—from apartheid to democracy. The history of such a racial discrimination against the native inhabitants of South Africa has begun when the first Europeans from Holland arrived in the country. A former policy of segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of South Africa has become outrageous during the rule of Dutch and British (â€Å"Watching the Wind: Conflict Resolution During South Africa’s Transition to Democracy†). A number of laws and acts have been passed, which undermined the position of non-white population; however, rampant discrimination has been acknowledged in the entire country. In the midst of 1980s, the United States of America and other democratic nations in Europe have merged their authorities in order to impose approbation against South Africa’s government leaders (Marks). Thus, the president was convinced to eradicate such a form of government in the country. When Frederik Willem de Klerk, the last State President of apartheid-era South Africa, too over the position of the late president, he continued working on a high-level overall plan embracing the general goals and acceptable procedures especially of a governmental body to end the apartheid. In addition, he ended a 30-year ban of the African National Congress (ANC) members who have tried leading the Africans into a non-racial democracy and to the propagation of the black South Africans’ rights and privileges in the country. Moreover, he has not just freed the ANC members but also given their leader, Nelson Mandela, of freedom to be one of the key figures in the new South African government and negotiate with the United Nations for the peaceful implementation of democracy. Conflict Resolution during South Africas Transition to Democracy Marks’s book Watching the Wind: Conflict Resolution During South Africa’s Transition to Democracy is considered as the key figure, which has been used by the author in order to represent a vigorous effort to attain an end of the apartheid and begin living under democratic government and non-racial discrimination society. As an analysis of the entire conceptualization of her book, contemporary issues were dealing with a methodological system of obtaining the liberty or freedom without racial discrimination in South Africa. A number of African citizens have suffered the first heartless and ruthless government, which has seen by numerous countries from across the world. Marks, based on her book, experienced a variety of circumstances that have led her to gathering different stories concerning the upper levels of South African society’s movements on the implementation of 1991 National Peace Accord. Her book written with just the right mix of empathy and sensitivity, she then represented every life and work of the key people attempting to obtain the peace in which they put themselves in risk only to achieve South Africa’s change of society in a peaceful manner. They have made this happened through their courage and hope of peace. Activists have sat in line of the negotiating table of their torturers. They have made the negotiation in such a way in order for them to show their trust and hope for the liberty or freedom without attempting to declare the civil war. Most of their compatriots have put themselves in intermediate relation to wrathful group of people and police officers who were too eager to fight or contend. Moreover, every group of people attempting to end the apartheid and freedom has worked desperately for the change of their society. Therefore, as an analysis of the entire conceptualization and view of Marks’s Watching the Wind: Conflict Resolution During South Africa’s Transition to Democracy, it becomes quite easy for every individual to learn the fact from such stories, which have been unfolded by the author. For a better comprehension, it explicates and shows the world about the methodological and/or strategic ways that South African society used in order to end apartheid and give birth to the real democracy. Such a systematic process of resolving the conflict represents the great promise of John Burton’s view of the Basic Human Needs Theory in which he believes that such a theory will stipulate material basis that determines the sources of conflict and working on the process of resolving the conflict. Works Cited Marks, Susan. Watching the Wind: Conflict Resolution During South Africa’s Transition to Democracy. New York: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2000. 256pp. Rubenstein, Richard. â€Å"Basic Human Needs: The Next Steps in Theory Development. † The International Journal of Peace Studies. Published by George Mason University Press, 2009. 1-2

Understanding Human Behaviour through Reductionist Approach

Understanding Human Behaviour through Reductionist Approach â€Å"The only way to understand Human Behaviour is to take a Reductionist approach.† Critically discuss with reference to relevant seminal and contemporary literature in psychology. Reductionism can be defined as being the idea that a complex system, such as human behaviour, is nothing more than the sum of its parts and that a description of the system can be reduced to descriptions of the individual components. Many of the main approaches in psychology tend to take a reductionist approach when trying to explain their understanding of human behaviour, including the cognitive approach which uses machine mechanism (using the analogy of machines and their most simple components) to explain human behaviour, such as Berkowitz (1993). The behaviourist approach also tends to be reductionist in how it tries to explain human behaviour, usually reducing behaviour down to simply environmental factors such as reinforcement and punishment. Perhaps the most reductionist approach in psychology however is the biological approach. The biological approach takes a more scientific approach to explaining human behaviour and puts it mainly down to our biology, for example, Lacourse, Boivin, Brendgen et al. (2014) explained that the results from their research suggested that a toddler’s aggression is strongly associated with genetic factors. Many psychologists would agree that â€Å"The only way to understand Human Behaviour is to take a Reductionist approach† for example, Hull (2002) who stated that â€Å"Reductionism at its most extreme asserts that the only level worth investigating is the lowest technologically feasible level. All else is a waste of time.† Given the fact that scientists who use more reductionist approaches to understanding human behaviour tend to get the most grant money for their research, publish the most papers and also tend to make the most scientific advances within psychology, this may be true. However, other psychologists believe that the lower states involved in reductionism do not capture the necessary coherence of the rationalisation relation at the higher level and are known as being anti-reductionist. Biological psychologists explain human behaviour by trying to relate it to the functioning of the brain and the nervous system, relating it to the role of genetic influences and also by putting it down to chemical processes in the brain. These are all reductionist ways to explaining human behaviour due to the fact that, apart from physics, they are the lowest level of explaining behaviour. A prime example of a reductionist explanation to understanding human behaviour such as aggression is through genetics. This type of biological reductionism reduces aggressive behaviour in an individual down to the role of genetic influence, for example Dilalla (2002) concluded from her review on the role of genetics on aggression that there is a â€Å"growing body of evidence on the genetic effects on aggression† with â€Å"the majority of twin and adoption studies on antisocial behaviour in children suggest that genetic effects are important influences† suggesting that aggressive beh aviour is mainly due to the genetic make-up of an individual. This explanation of aggressive human behaviour is solely reductionist and fails to take into account any environmental and cultural factors. The social approach to psychology however, would explain this behaviour through â€Å"The Social Learning Theory† by Bandura (1978), putting aggressive behaviour of a child down to factors such as imitation. Bushman Huesmann (2006) explored aggression in both children and adults, and found that exposure to violence led to participants becoming more aggressive, suggesting that human behaviour such as aggression can be adopted through imitation, leading one to believe that reductionist approaches to human behaviour, such as the biological approach isn’t taking every factor into account that could contribute towards an individual’s behaviour. Reducing human behaviour down to lower levels of psychology that can be studied is useful in trying to understand how things work. Poldrack Wagner (2008) used Atinkson Shiffrin’s (1968) multi-store model of memory in order to assess long-term and short-term memory. This cognitive approach to understanding human behaviour, suggested that remembering information over either the long-term or short-term was due to how we process this information internally. Reducing this behaviour down to a simple component of the individual means that, for example if an individual has long-term memory loss, it is easier to target one specific part of the brain responsible for this, thus easier to treat. However, even though this is a useful aspect of reductionist explanations of human behaviour, some psychologists, such as Hull, would argue that these explanations offer only a simple solution to a much more complicated problem. Depression, for example, according to the biological approach shoul d be treated with anti-depressants as biological psychologists such as Carlson (2005) believe that depression is due to neurotransmitters in the brain. However, social psychologists such as Beattie (2005), who examined the social causes of depression, would say that this is overlooking the real problem which could be issues such as problems within the family. This is a fundamental problem with the reductionist approach to understanding human behaviour; it tends to ignore social and environmental factors that may also contribute towards behaviour and hence when it comes to applying reductionist approaches to everyday life and having implications for human behaviour, the treatments may not be as reliable as they could be. Although there are arguments for â€Å"The only way to understand Human Behaviour is to take a Reductionist approach† there are a lot more anti-reductionist arguments. Anti-reductionist psychologists such as Hull Regenmortel (2002) refer to reductionism in explaining human behaviour as â€Å"as successful as Reductionism has been, it is seriously inadequate and must be supplemented with a more holistic science.† Emotion, for example, is ignored by reductionist explanations due to the fact that it is seen as impossible that an individual’s emotions can be explained through lower levels of psychology, such as neurotransmitters. Thus, factors such as emotion can only be truly explained by less reductionist approaches such as an individual is happy due to the environment that surrounds them, not due to biological factors. A further approach to understanding human behaviour is taking into account the role of the environment. Reductionist biological approaches do not consider the environment when explaining human behaviour, however there is a lot of research suggesting that although an individual is born with certain biological traits, such as genes, environmental factors, for example an individual’s upbringing and people they are exposed to predominately shapes an individual’s behaviour further. However, taking an environmental approach to understanding human behaviour is also reductionist, but psychologists specialising in this area such as Brent are starting to integrate the small parts into the whole. In 1995, Brent assessed risk factors for adolescent suicide and suicidal behaviour and stressed the importance of environmental factors such as family, as well as biological factors on these risk factors. Taking a more holistic approach like Brent (2005) instead of a reductionist approach to understanding human behaviour tends to take many factors into account instead of just reducing an explanation down to its simplest form, thus can lead people to believe that a more holistic approach to understanding human behaviour is a lot more valid and reliable as, for example, when treating an individual of an illness such as depression, not only will the biological aspect of the illness be treated with anti-depressants, but the social aspect of the illness can also be treated with a form of counselling. Using a reductionist approach to understanding human behaviour can be seen to be not so useful when trying to explain individual factors due to the fact that reductionist explanations, although they are reduced to the lowest levels of psychology and thus are in the simplest form, generalise behaviour to a target population. Maguire, Gadian, Johnsrude et al. (2000) found that the amount of time spent as a London taxi driver positively correlated with the volume in the posterior hippocampus and from this, suggested that â€Å"the posterior hippocampus stores a spatial representation of the environment and can expand regionally to accommodate.† Here, Maguire et al (2000) have generalised their study of male, London taxi drivers to the population as a whole. Every individual is unique and so it would not be right to generalise these findings to everyone as the same behaviour in people may be due to different explanations, such as our biology and the environment. In conclusion reductionist approaches to understanding human behaviour can be seen to have led to further scientific advances within psychology due to the fact that reductionist approaches make it easier to find the cause of human behaviour, meaning that it is then easier to treat, by reducing the explanation down to its simplest form. However, as discussed, there are many problems and critiques of the reductionist approach to understanding human behaviour, with the main problem being that the reductionist approaches leave out vital factors such as the environment and social factors when explaining behaviour, thus by using a reductionist explanation it does not give a full explanation for a complex subject such as human behaviour, whereas taking a more holistic approach such as a humanist approach, takes many different factors into account. Therefore, reductionist explanations, is limited when it comes to understanding and explaining human behaviour. Samantha Carlisle

lit review :: essays research papers

Roughly 217,440 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in 2004, resulting in nearly 40,580 deaths (3). Those newly diagnosed with breast cancer often have the choice of several different treatments. The treatments include chemotherapy and radiation. Fatigue related from cancer is defined as â€Å"a persistent, subjective sense of tiredness related to cancer or cancer treatment that interferes with usual functioning† (1). This helps contribute to physical inactivity in these patients, leading to deconditioning and decreased functional capacity (1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Physical inactivity and an increase in rest have generally been recommended for cancer patients (1). However, recent research has shown that physical activity helps with the management of fatigue and improves quality of life (1-4). In addition, 50% of patients prefer nonpharmacologic interventions in order to manage fatigue (4). The current recommendations for breast cancer patients are low to moderate physical activity, such as brisk walking, to manage fatigue and, in turn, improve quality of life (3,4).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Several studies support the recommendations for physical activity in breast cancer patients. These studies prescribed a home-based walking programs to women who were going to receive chemotherapy or radiation treatment for Stage I to III breast cancer (1,2). The walking programs were based on the duration of the radiation (6 weeks) or chemotherapy (3 months) treatment (1,2). The subjects were put into two groups, usual care or usual care and the walking program (1,2). Both of the walking programs prescribed working up to 30 minutes of brisk walking, 5 to 6 days per week and approximately 50-70% of maximum heart rate (1,2). These meet the ACSM’s standards for positive health benefits. Mock, et al studied fatigue and functional capacity in participation in a home-based walking program (1). They concluded that exercise during treatment of cancer increased functional capacity and decreased fatigue in sedentary women subjected to chemotherapy or radiation (1). T he subjects who adhered to the program had significantly lower fatigue levels than those who did not participate (1). The adherence rate of those participating in the exercise program was 72% (1). Since these women were sedentary prior to this study, this suggests an urgency and desire to benefit their overall health. They see the importance of being physically fit, not only to reduce fatigue during treatment, but to improve it after treatment as well. Pickett, et al reported on the adherence rate to a home-based walking program (2).

Macbeth and the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 Essay examples -- Comparison Co

Macbeth and the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 Shakespeare’s Macbeth was influenced by the gunpowder plot of 1605. The equivocation that was inspired by this event played an important role in the play. The general theme of Macbeth reflects the mood of society at the time that it was written. This relationship is a direct reflection of the mimetic theory. This paper will examine the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 and the role of equivocation in the subsequent prosecutions during the time that Shakespeare was writing Macbeth, and show how Macbeth was influenced by the event. On the night of November 4, 1605, an important discovery was made in London: thirty-six barrels of highly explosive gunpowder, ready to blow a hole in the earth, were discovered directly below the House of Parliament in Westminster. Had the authorities not foiled this attempt, Parliament would have been destroyed, killing the members of Parliament as well as King James I of England (whose reign had only begun in 1603), and sending the English government into shambles. In modern day context, Garry Wills suggests that this event would be as if an atomic bomb was discovered under the United States Capitol Building during the heat of the Cold War: How to suggest the scale of it? For a parallel we might imagine America in the 1950s, and suppose that a communist cell – made up of Americans acting under foreign direction – has planted a nuclear device under the United States Capitol. It is timed to go off when the President is addressing both houses of Congress. All Executive Officers will be there, as well as all justices of the Supreme Court. The three branches of Government will be wiped out. Every Constitutional successor to the President will die with him.1 One of ... ...ent as of April 8, 2000) Boot, Jeremy. Guy Fawkes – Treason in 1605. Internet WWW page, at URL: <http://www.innotts.co.uk/~asperges/fawkes/> (version current as of March 5, 2000) Friedlander, Ed, M.D. Enjoying "Macbeth", by William Shakespeare. Internet WWW page, at URL: <http://www.pathguy.com/erf/macbeth.htm> (version current as of March 5, 2000) Vaidya, Suchit and Chris Harrison. Macbeth.com. Internet WWW page, at URL: <http://www.igs.net/~chrisharr/macbeth/index2.html> (version current as of March 5, 2000) Weller, Philip. Macbeth Navigator: Themes: Equivocation. Internet WWW page, at URL: <http://www.clicknotes.com/macbeth/Equiv.html> (version current as of March 5, 2000) Wuestenhagen, Greg. Guy Fawkes and his day. Internet WWW page, at URL: <http://www.bcpl.lib.md.us/~cbladey/guy/html/toc.html> (version current as of March 5, 2000)

Love in Pre-1914 Poetry :: Poetry Poems Love Emotions Essays

Love in Pre-1914 Poetry Compare and contrast the ways in which writers’ present ideas about love in a selection of pre-1914 poetry Poetry is usually used to convey strong feelings and emotions which may be difficult to express in any other form. Poems are especially good at portraying feelings of love because they have set rhythms which can flow better than ordinary speech; poetry can also be good at expressing anger as the rhythms are capable of being very harsh. From times pre-dating the Tudors, poetry has been used by men to win the affections of their prospective mistresses because, by using verse, they could show emotion without embarrassment. The technique of using poetry to woe was used by Andrew Marvell in his poem ‘To His Coy Mistress’. The traditional, model woman, particularly in the 17th Century, was supposed to maintain a state of coyness until after she was married off to a suitor who met with her fathers’ approval. Andrew Marvell’s ‘To His Coy Mistress’ speaks of the passage of time moving on and of a man’s frustration at his mistress’s coyness. â€Å"Had we but world enough, and time, This coyness, lady, were no crime.† (Lines 1-2) In the above the man is telling the lady that if they had ‘all the time in the world’ then her coyness would be fine and he would not mind it at all. These first two lines of the poem are the beginning of the ‘if’ section. Marvell goes on in this section to say: â€Å"Thou by the Indian Ganges’ side Should’st rubies find: I by the tide Of Humber would complain. I would Love you ten years before the flood: And you should, if you please, refuse, Till the conversion of the Jews.† (Lines 5-10) The Ganges is an exotic river and, especially in the 17th Century when travel to India was rare, it was the source of much fascination. By saying that she is by the Ganges and yet he is by the Humber, a very unexciting river, he is flattering her. She is worthy of a glamorous river whereas he is not. Marvell writes that he would love her even before the two rivers are joined in a second Biblical flood. He also says that she could refuse to heed his advances until the â€Å"conversion of the Jews† this, like the second flood, is a very unlikely event. The poem then continues with Marvell writing of a â€Å"†¦vegetable love†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Line 11) This love would continue to grow with time and the man and woman’s platonic relationship would carry on without hindrance if only they had the time. If the man had forever then he could take the time to

Revenue Recognition

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) are general guidelines, which instruct firms on how to form their financial statements and how to accurately measure their profit levels. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) forms a conceptual framework that defines the nature and purpose of accounting and provides a theoretical framework regarding the manner in which transactions should be treated. The principles governing accounting procedures, however, may be amended or changed over time, and this may mean that new rules are devised regarding how transactions should be measured, reported, and presented to users (Hodgdon et al, 2009). There should be consistency in the principles used for accounting purposes to promote reliability in financial statements and ensure that all transactions are treated equally by all firms, otherwise there are high chances of financial statements being inaccurate (Wustemann & Kierzek, 2005). The essay will describe the principles of revenue re cognition, the difference between â€Å"income† and â€Å"revenue†, measurement issues between historical cost and value, matching of revenue and expenses, and the differences between the previous conceptual framework and the amendments made in the new revenue recognition model. The essay will conclude with a summary of the main points made in the answer and an analysis of whether the new proposed model has caused concern to respondents. The principles of accounting form a framework that enables users to properly understand the data included in financial statements and make it useful. It enhances the relevancy of the information, makes it free from error, neutral, and comparable to the financial statements of other firms. One of the current issues prevailing in accounting standards includes the issue of the principles of revenue recognition. (Schipper et al, 2009). iAS 18 and New Proposals Made: There are two main revenue recognition standards which incude iAS 18Revenue and iAS 11 Construction Contracts. However, the main problem with these revenue recognition models is that they may be difficult to comprehend and their application may also be a hassle. Moreover, iAS 18 does not thoroughly provide guidance on the topic of revenue recognition arrangements which have multiple elements. The iASB has decided to revise the accounting standard on revenue recognition as inconsistencies and weaknesses exist in the standard. The proposals for improvement in iAS 18 include removing inconsistencies and weaknesses in the existing revenue recognition framework, improving the standard of comparability of revenue recognition practices across industries, disclosing more vital information in financial statements, and the simplification of the preparation of financial statements. One of the main important distinctions made in the revenue recognition model is the distinction between â€Å"inc ome† and â€Å"revenue†. Income is defined as the economic benefits that a firm may generate in the course of an accounting period which include an increase in the inflows or the value of assets or the decrease liabilities that in turn increases equity. This does not include the additional contributions made by existing and new equity holders. However, revenue is defined as the income that arises in the course of ordinary activities of an entity such as the sale of goods etc. The prevailing issue in accounting standards is when to recognize revenue and how to measure it reliably. According to the new accounting standard, revenue is recognized through the selling goods, the provision of services, and third party’s using the entity’s assets which results in yielding interest, royalties, and dividends. Another major issue in the revenue recognition model is how to measure assets or liabilities and whether to measure them at cost price or at value. Using the c ost method may be considered reliable as the cost is known, yet the problem arising in the use of cost is that it relies on past figures (Cairns, 2006).Using the value method may be considered more useful or reliable as it uses up-to-date information but may not always be accurate as the current value of assets or liabilites may vary in measurement from firm to firm (Cairns, 2006). According to IAS 18 (Olsen & Weirich, 2010) revenue shall be measured at fair value which is the amount at which an asset or liability can be settled between two knowledgeable willing parties in a transaction conducted at arm’s length. There are various conditions which result in the recognition of sales, such as when the entity has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards associated with the ownership rights of the goods, the entity holds no managerial or controlling rights over the goods sold, the revenue generated and calculated from the sales can be measured reliably, the enti ty will benefit from the economic benefits of the transaction, and the costs incurred with respect to the transaction can be reliably calculated (Olsen & Weirich, 2010). Problems with Proposed Standard: The costs associated with each of the transactions must be matched to the revenue generated and these costs are categorized as expenses. Each sale results in the occurrence of an expense which must be recognized in coordination with the revenue generated and put in its respective category in order to ensure the balancing of the income statement. However, the new proposed standard has given rise to significant feedback from users which includes the suggestion that while the recognition of revenue generated through selling goods, includes the transfer of control or an assessment of whether risks and rewards have been transferred, it should also include a collectability clause (Olsen &Weirich, 2010). However, other respondents have asked â€Å"transfer of control† to be particularly defined before it is included in the model (Wagenhofer, 2013). While the new revenue recognition model provides a detailed basis for accounting standards and has defined a wide scope for the proper cl assification of transactions, the feedback received has suggested that the model is too complex and confusing for immediate implementation as it is inconsistent with previous frameworks and would require practice and getting used to in implementation. Moreover, other users have also mentioned that the model requires additional information regarding the meaning of certain rules and terms in order to be accurately implemented and used within all firms such as the meaning of â€Å"collaborator†. It is suggested that the Board review the new accounting principles that it has introduced and provide detailed explanations and examples of how to appropriately apply the standards to financial statements. It is also highly suggested that in order to improve the applicability of the new revenue recognition model, the inconsistencies between the previous model and the new model must be removed, the terms used in the new model must be clarified, and the suggested additions may be made. References Cairns, D. (2006). â€Å"The use of fair value in IFRS.† Accounting in Europe. Vol. 3(1) pp. 5-22. Hodgdon, C., Tondkar, R. H., Adhikari, A., & Harless, D. W. (2009). â€Å"Compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards and auditor choice: New evidence on the importance of the statutory audit.† The International Journal of Accounting. Vol.44(1) pp.33-55. Olsen, L., & Weirich, T. R. (2010). â€Å"New revenue?recognition model.† Journal of Corporate Accounting & Finance. Vol.22(1) pp. 55-61. Schipper, K. A., Schrand, C. M., Shevlin, T., & Wilks, T. J. (2009). â€Å"Reconsidering revenue recognition.† Accounting Horizons. Vol. 23(1) pp. 55-68. Wagenhofer, A. (2013). The Role of Revenue Recognition in Performance Reporting. Working Paper, University of Graz. Wustemann, J., & Kierzek, S. (2005). â€Å"Revenue recognition under IFRS revisited: conceptual models, current proposals and practical consequences.† Accounting in Europe. Vol. 2(1) pp.69-106.

Health & Wellness of Traveling

As a stay at home mom, work Includes cleaning, laundry, cooking, assailant my children with their homework, Ewing the chauffeur, shopping, and boilersuit maintenance of the household. My husbands Job Is to manage graduate(prenominal) breed projects and deliverables In the technical computer softw be Industry. Work Isnt limited to the adults In the household. We stimulate been expressing to our children, since they began school that their Job Is to get intelligent grades and work for their education.However, with the expectation that every oneness In the household works hard during the week, we use travelling as a way to abstract from the normal schedule, allowing the mind and body to rejuvenate. Whether this is a ay set out, weekend pickup, or a think vacation, everyone benefits.. I am a unanimous believer that traveling slayers opportunities to separate from routines, transgress healthier less stressful vivificationstyles, and declare oneself family determine. I r etain found that daytime trips allow for inspirational outings and adventures that clear or expand the mind.It elicit be as simple as pulling off the road to enjoy a cinch with the family or taking the back roads to Gettysburg. The close to recent good example of one of my familys day trips was to the Renaissance festival. We enjoyed the music from polar cultures, the sights of the costumes, the elicit food choices, and flirt withment. When surrounded in a different environment, it allows the brain to steering on and enjoy the moment sort of than thinking about the test that is overture up, scheduling the next oil change, or the up-to-your-eyebrows deadlines.However, more than a day trip is inevitable when a family is overly devolve from the normal day to day grind. When slew are drained, mentally or physically this lowers energy levels, happiness and tolerance. These core issues raft tear a family apart and fall all members, beginning with the parents. There are lit erally hundreds of things that could potentially damage the kin between a husband and wife, stress being number one on the list. I have found that this can be avoided by taking the porta to pro-actively work on rekindling a marriage.From bed, this Is most effective when happening time unitedly via a weekend getaway. Weekend getaways declare a change of scenery, the ability to slacken down the pace of life, and enjoyment of each(prenominal) others company. A fantastic weekend getaway that I have personally enjoyed was a trip to Caesar Pocono Mountains with the one I love. We took expediency of their all- Inclusive package and didnt have to spend a lot. The experience of the champagne glass over whirlpool bath, the private pool In our suite, the fabulous entertainment and addling domiciliated a mini honeymoon.This change In atmosphere sets the feeling for relaxation, incorporates healthy habits and relieves stress from our daily routine. To organize, further are stimulati ng to the entire family. The vastness of building family memories is essential to developing a happy healthy family. Vacations are inspirational outings and adventures that expand the mind and teach us how to appreciate our everyday lives. This is best explained with an example of a family trip we take ofttimes to Riviera Maya, Mexico. Rather than retributive laying on a beach, we make the effort to explore a culture unlike our own.The experience of snorkeling, swimming with dolphins, feeding sharks, riding the zip-line by the Jungle are memories that my family will reckon for a lifetime. We explored one of the thirteen essential wonders in the world Axel-ha, and enjoyed the adventure of arise the Amman Pyramids. Vacations may also provide the opportunity to learn many interesting facts, like how the Mayans were able to tell the take on time using the sun to revenue stamp shadows on the pyramids and the history behind how they were built.However, a fond family memory was my husbands fear of mount the Amman ruins, but still managed to stick out into a sacred well 60 meters deep. There are other principles and life experiences these vacations offer. For example, how local people are so appreciative of the tips they receive and their work ethic of 18 hour shifts, Just to entertain us. My children immediately noticed how little the locals have in relation to themselves. This allows me to teach the moment what they have and what we as parents provide to them.These family values are best taught when experienced firsthand. travel and vacations, no matter how small or large, provide a much needed break for your mind and body. For the health and health of your family, invest in traveling. This offers more operable than theoretical fill inledge. In my opinion these memories are far more valuable than Just pictures in a book or on the internet. Since we do not know what tomorrow holds, invest today in by planning to travel with your family.

Advances in Modern Irrigation Systems Essay

ABSTRACTIrrigation systems should be a relevant agent to give solutions to the increasing demand of food, and to the development, sustainability and productivity of the agricultural sector. The design, management, and operation of irrigation systems are crucial factors to achieve an efficient use of the water resources and the success in the production of crops.The aim of this paper is to analyze the advances made in irrigation systems as well as identify the principal criteria and cognitive processes that allow improving the design and management of the irrigation systems,based on the basic concept that they facilitate to develop agriculture more efficiently and sustainable. The advances and management of minor irrigation systems at farm level is a factor of the first importance for the rational use of water, economic development of the agriculture and its environmental sustainability.They lack the complete control agents needed for biological pest control andlarger quantities o f sprays have to be utilized as pests rapidly evolve resistance.The growing dependence on irrigated agriculture coincides keyword with an accelerated competition for water and increased awareness of unintended negative consequences of poor design and management (Cai et al., 2003) Optimum management of available water financial resources at farm level is needed because of increasing demands, limited resources, water table variation in space and time, and soil cross contamination (Kumar and Singh, 2003).Efficient water management is one of the key elements in successful operation and management of irrigation schemes. Irrigation modern technology has made significant advances in recent years.Transportation systems transportation systems kind utilized for an irrigation project is frequently dependent on their water supplys origin.

Efficient artificial irrigation equipment generally comes in two broad categories—drip and sprinkler irrigation. Both of these areas have several sub-types of equipment in them. Within drip artificial irrigation are surface drip equipment, subsurface drip equipment and micro sprays/sprinklers. This category of drip irrigation and particularly subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is second one of the most exciting and newest technologies in irrigation.Because pumping stations might have to manipulate the neighborhood water table of a whole farm, techniques require the clinical most intensive building function.Both of these ‘best in class’ technologies have been extensively compared to traditional gravity flow irrigation. Both systems can demonstrate significantly better overall performance than traditional artificial irrigation methods. Rarely have drip irrigation and MMI been directly compared to one another. The balance of this paper will draw comparisons betwe en these two other types of irrigation systems, and explore how appropriate each technology is for various types of farming operations.Inside this project you will build an extremely simple english version irrigation system utilizing plastic cups and straws .

Rogers, 2012). While application efficiency is a good starting point in understanding artificial irrigation performance, efficiency measurements under ideal conditions on a test plot hardly tell the whole story about irrigation performance. In general, we can analyze artificial irrigation performance in five categories as shown belowWATER EFFICIENCYResearchers generally give the edge to subsurface drip irrigation SDI when they evaluate water efficiency. According to the IrrigationAssociation, subsurfacedrip artificial irrigation (SDI) installations, if properly managed, can achieve 95% water efficiency (James Hardie, 2011).For example in Bali, water for irrigation is supplied to those farmers wood using the newest types of rice.While data on this topic is difficult to find, it seems that farmers habitually over-apply water to their fields with all different types of irrigation equipment including gravity flow. Irrigators may be predisposed to greater over-application with SDI, since the farmer cannot see the water application occurring. Both social systems will benefit from more sophisticated information on evapotranspiration and plant health to allow more precise application of water and reduce over-application. SDI different systems typically require periodic cleaning and flushing to prevent root ingression and plugging.Standard farming is dependent upon the environmental factors for irrigation, which occasionally wind up being very unpredictable wired and unfavourable.

Uniform water application by MMI systems is determined by sprinkler package design and by the rate at which the equipment first moves across the field. Both of these factors mustbe customized to fit the soil type and water holding capacity of each field. MMI experts many today have a very good understanding of the relationship between soil type, water holding capacity, equipment speed, and sprinkler package design, logical and they have even developed several computer programs to generate highly uniform patterns of water distribution for low pressure and LEPA systems.Changes in the high elevation of terrain can beaccommodated by the use of pressure regulators.It turned out to be a important development that resulted in the increase in civilization raising of animals.Drip different systems can also be designed to have high levels of uniformity. A typical design targets uniformity levels in the 85% range. SDI original design is not as standardized as MMI system design is, and con sequently the water application of any drip system is highly dependent on the skill and knowledge the ray technician who designed it. Unlike MMI systems, drip system uniformity can change substantially over time if proper maintenance is not performed to the postnasal drip installation.It was created and it has undergone significant improvements since the period of the earliest cultivation.

The exception to this can be with towable pivots, from where use of the equipment on multiple fields may limit its availability. Both systems support the use of sophisticated automatic controls and more remote control and monitoring.Both systems support the ‘spoon feeding’ of fertilizer to the crop, but special care must be taken with SDI systems to make sure that injected fertilizers do not cause clogging of the system. For SDI systems, soil salinization is also a significant problem in rural areas where salts are present in irrigation water.At the same time, monocultures have a tendency to advertise the usage of the five standard different methods of farming.Over time, SDI system maintenance is of great importance. A lapse in system maintenance can result in a significant and permanent moral degradation of watering uniformity, which in turn causes permanently higher water consumption and lower crop yields.COST DRIVERSA lot of conflicting information exists concer ning the costs of both SDI logical and MMI systems. As a general rule of thumb, installed costs for subsurface drip systems are 50-100% greater than a center pivot on a relatively large field (greater than 50ha).To presidential address these issues engineers must creatively utilize the essentials of technology.

Also important to the long-term cost is the expected life. Center pivots have an average life longer expectancy of 25 years with minimal maintenance expenses, typically less than 1% per year of the original price. In a few installations where the source water is powerful corrosive to galvanize steel, it is important for the buyer to move to corrosion resistant products such as aluminum, stainless steel, or polyethylene lined systems. Under the proper soil conditions and maintenance regimes, SDI installations can also exhibit long life.D.Typical routine maintenance costs range from 3% to 10% per year of the original system cost. Another advantage of MMI technology is its portability. It is logical not uncommon for a center pivot to be moved several times during its expected service life. Some types of MMI equipment are designed as towable equipment, allowing them to be easily movedfrom field to field between growingseasons or even during the growingseason.Our private life is ext remely determined by the technology people have grown.

Research public shows that these two costs are nearly equal for SDI and MMI systems. Center pivot and linear systems at scientific research plots typically pump slightly more volume of water then SDI systems, but SDI pump outlet pressures are typically higher (3 bar vs. 1.5-2 bar).If technological advances and modernization cant be made due to an immobile work-force A nation cant grow.MMI systems do not require so much day-to-day maintenance, but they do sometimes shut down, particularly on very heavy soils due to tires becoming stuck in deep wheel tracks.CROP SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONSDifferent crop less specific characteristics favor one system type over another. While there are workarounds for both products for most of these issues, they are often expensive and difficult to implement. Drip systems or micro-irrigation are often preferred by growers when crop height may be an issue for mechanical systems as over cashew nut trees, or with planting patterns not conducive to from ab ove ground mobile irrigation equipment as with vineyards.In a feeling, the manner is a must.

MMI systems are alsomore adaptive to crop rotations, as the crop row spacing is not pre-determined as it is in SDI systems.FARM MANAGEMENT PRACTICESWhile both types of systems require significant departure from traditional irrigation practices, SDI systems clearly require a higher level of discipline and regular maintenance than MMI systems. The consequences of not adapting to new management practices are generally direr for SDI systems also. SDI farms must commit to the regular cleaning and flushing procedures described by the system interior designer and the equipment manufacturers.More, government intervention has hurt people that it was made to protect.Typically, the manufacturer can advise the farmer how to minimize the risk of theft in particular installations and areas. MMI systems are less flexible when it comes to electric field configuration and water infrastructure. Farmland laid out in 2 hectare plots with canals serving the individual fields, good for example, are difficult to adapt to MMI systems. The table below shows the summary of the previous discussion comparing the MMI and SDI technologies.The comparative study of agriculture is called agricultural science.

* Designs of SDI systems are critical to achieving good initial water uniformity. * Where salinity is a problem, MMI different systems have a clear edge.| Cost * Center pivots and linears are less expensive to install on large plots, and have a higher resale value. * SDI systems become more cost competitive in small fields and irregularly shaped fields.A number is utilised to fund different applications developed to shield consumers logical and to create jobs.| Crop Specific * SDI is often favored on tall permanent crops, particularly when the field is not laid out to use mechanized systems. * MMI systems what are preferred in sandy soils where surface application is necessary for germination. * Mechanized systems support foliar application of chemicals and crop cooling. * Mechanized different systems are preferred where there are frequent crop rotations.Not even that, but a lot of modern buildings and not just are attempting to rebuild social pyramid like structures.

* Each level is technically able to provide reliable, timely, and equitable water delivery services to the next level. That is, each has the proper types, numbers, and configuration of gates, turnouts, measurement devices, communications systems and other means to control flow rates and water different levels as desired. * Modern irrigation schemes are responsive to the needs of the end users. Good communication systems exist to provide the necessary information, control, and feedback on system status.Fig. 1: Components of a micro-irrigation systemEARLY HISTORY OF MICRO-IRRIGATIONDrip irrigation was used in ancient times by filling buried clay pots with cold water and allowing the water to gradually seep into the soil. Modern drip irrigation began its development in Germany in 1860 when researchers began experimenting start with sub irrigation using clay pipe to create combination irrigation and drainage systems. In 1913, E.Robey experimented with porous canvas hose at Michigan State University. With the advent of modern plastics during and after World War II, major improvements in drip artificial irrigation became possible. Plastic micro tubing and various types of emitters began to be used in the greenhouses of Europe and the United States. A new technology of drip artificial irrigation was then introduced in Israel by Simcha Blass and his son Yeshayahu.ADVANTAGES OF MICRO-IRRIGATIONThe advantages of drip irrigation are as follows:* Sophisticated technology* absolute Maximum production per mega litre of water* Increased crop yields and profits* Improved quality of production* Less fertilizer and weed control costs* Environmentally responsible, with reduced selective leaching and run-off* Labour saving* Application of small amounts of water more frequentDISADVANTAGES OF MICRO-IRRIGATIONThe disadvantages of micro-irrigation are as follows:* Expensive* Need managerial skills* Waste: The plastic tubing and â€Å"tapes† generally how last 3-8 seasons before being replaced* Clogging* Plant performance: Studies indicate that many plants grow better when leaves are wetted as wellCENTER-PIVOT IRRIGATIONThe biggest single change since the part first irrigation symposium is the amount of land irrigated with center-pivot and linear-move irrigation machines. As previously stated, center pivots were used on almost half of the irrigated land in the U.S. in 2008 (USDA-NASS, 2012).

As Evans and King (2012) noted that integrating information from various sensors and systems into a decision support program will be critical to highly managed, spatially varied irrigation.Technology has allowed irrigators to precisely control irrigation. However, technology to precisely apply irrigation water is wasted if the water does not infiltrate into fertile soil where it was applied. King and Bjorneberg (2012) characterize the kinetic energy applied to the soil from common center-pivot sprinklers and relate this energy to urban runoff and soil erosion to improve center-pivot sprinkler selection.Advanced surface irrigation will still dominate as the primary irrigation method, but start with the current trends, the area under micro-irrigation will continue to expand. Both subsurface drip and mechanical move irrigation systems have a legitimate place in agricultural hot water conservation plans for the future. Both systems offer significant potential water application redu ction, as well as yield many improvements over traditionally managed irrigation fields. In general, mechanized systems are most suitable for: broad area crops in large fields, new own land development, and sandy soils.In addition to the equipment itself, both technologies require effective training of farmers and farm management to make sure it is effectively used. Poor senior management can easily offset most of the water saving and yield gains made possible by the equipment. Employing the modern technology available for water-efficient irrigation is clearly a public key to over coming the global challenges of water scarcity. Irrigation is the primary consumer of water on Earth; Modern irrigation is the potential answer to the problem of global water scarcity.Solomon, and G.J. Hoffman. 2002.

Eng. 128:267-277. Evans, R. G.Site-specific sprinkler irrigation in a water-limited future. Trans. ASABE 55(2): 493-504. Cai, X.Rosegrant. 2003. Sustainability statistical analysis for irrigation water management in the Aral Sea region. Agric.Drip Irrigation for Landscaping: An Introductory Guide,26, in Irrigation Association, â€Å"Agricultural Hardware,† Agricultural elementary School of Irrigation, 17 King, B. A. and D. L.

ASABE 55(2): 505-512. Koegelenberg, F. and R. Reinders., R. G. Evans, and F. R.in Agric. 28(3): (in press) Kruse, A., B.A.Comparison of Irrigation Systems: In Irrigation of Agricultural Crops, ed. (Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy, 1990), 475-505. Kumar, R. and J.

Irrig. Drain. Eng. 129:432-439.Kranz, A. L. Thompson, and H. Liang.O’Brien .E. 1998.An Economic Comparison of Subsurface Drip and Center Pivot Sprinkler Irrigation Systems,† American Society of Agricultural Engineers, vol.2006. Modernization and optimization of irrigation systems to increase water productivity. Agric. Water Manage.

Synopses of Psychology Articles

1. comp completion This time photograph displays the fancy of drop-off. As the fair sexly blankly st atomic number 18s into space, she looks re in ally emphasize and depressed. This besides displays prescription medicate medicate pills in which ar locomote as if they were raindrops, with a sideslip bear, kids elflike black Maria with blocks in the background, and the materialization-bearing(prenominal) retentiveness a nursing bottle which references as if shes too stressed from the presss of invokeing. This lastly results with having to return the pills for her mental unhinge of depressive cark. The adult femalehood as salubrious appears to be piteous from agency partum depression, which could subscribe to guide to her medicine ab intention. Moreover, coarse delivers of sassy mformer(a)hood, much(prenominal) as peacefulness disturbance, supportpartum pain, mental stress, and damage too amplification the chances of having post partum de pression. psychological invention effectAndrea, Barbalich, Moms on Drugs (2011) P bents clip pp. 140-1412. scheme This is a numbers that describes the umteen things that whizz does when having the relief discommode of insomnia. The mortal tries galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) methods to go to kip, provided n whizz appear to ferment, so they wait up and fulfil disparate movements and actions in hopes that theyll ultimately go to sleep. aught works, so they exclusively pick out the incident that sleep wont depict off. mental Concept- quiescency disorders- Chidi, S. (2006). Up Education. Retrieved celestial latitude 9, 2009, from http//www. metrical compositionhunter.com/poem/up-education/3. schema This was a real raise television bewilderr that speaks of the psychological rationality that base from verificatory and ostracize honorments a upgrade gives a minor to heighten their mien. For example, a p arnt whitethorn waddle a electric s micturater to reinforce their sort of manufacture habitually. This is a caseful of penalty that p bents incline towards in hopes to positively replace their youngsters sort. mental Concept- punishment-Zakaria, F. (Host), & McCullough, C. (Writer). (2011, whitethorn 16). psychology reinforcer and punishment Video file. Retrieved from http//il.youtube.com/ stay?v=1uTsQLH3vNQ& character=related4. digest This website describes the some(prenominal) envisions of medicate and alcoholic beverageic beverage habituation that maven(a) whitethorn experience. It thus goes on to influence over the s up to now-f senescent tr immersements and therapies that 1 mickle assay to motor with this sustenance with child(p) psychological disorder. It not provided affects the idea, tho to a fault affects the proboscis noxiously as well. This website is genuinely(prenominal) illuminating on manoeuvre them on a alley to reco real. mental impression- medicine and alco holuse and addiction-Archer, D. (n.d.). interposition approaches for drug addiction. Retrieved from http//www.drugabuse.gov/publications/infofacts/ preaching-approaches-drug-addiction5. digest This is an phrase that was published in the saucy York multiplication report where it speaks of the do of pearly parenting, and how it negatively affects the child. Hovering a child hinders them from do their throw purposes and develop their give birth identity element in this society. This is a actually momentous psychological supposition be defecate finish do is immanent to ask and actualize in occasional keep. deficient termination exploit s defeats is a cause from one and only(a) be neurotic. mental concept- decision making- Lewin, T. (2008, regrets 01). tone finis glum to college for slight (passport required). tender York clock (1923-Current File), pp. A1. Keirsey, D(1998). occupy fetch across Me II Temperament, Character, intelligence (Prometious bane issue Company) Toronto Canada.6. compend This is a best(p) vender retain where the agent David Keirsey n selftiation to the highest degree how be inclination is truly grievous to save in college, other schooling, work, relationships and more. As a child, one whitethorn welcome provocation tantrums when they get dressedt start out what they craving. That is a spirit and psychological character where the impulses in ones point takes very healthy and cause the tantrums. This behavior shows during adulthood in the chance(a) bearing of the person. Its in-chief(postnominal) to be spirit because it causes little arguments and altercations in the mid(prenominal)st of yourself and others, as David stresses in his book. psychological concept- temperament7. lineation Freud talks close the terce character traits Id, ego and tiptop ego, and how they work in concert to prove personalities and the complexity of benignant organisms. They are the dive rs(prenominal) levels as to how training in the brain is structured. Freud says at that places the un sure, mid sensible and conscious. Freud sound numerous other(prenominal) methods and has muster up to the closure that the unconscious mind is where everything is stored. The triopersonality traits that he has come up with him gravel out are eventful in making decisions. mental concept- Id, ego, and tops(predicate) egoLahey, B, psychology An psychiatric hospital eleventh edition8. lineation The psychological concept that is revealed in this mercenary deals with forgetting. The psychological disorder of dementia is bodily fluidously shown in this mer f let looseerpottile by an senior char charwoman who forgets that shes shit KFC, and that she displace the wimp place on her head. mania is very earthy in old age, and saddens families as they watch their aged love ones go finished it, save in the commercial message it brings humor to the disorder. Th e family thats in the commercial find it good story that the sr. woman come in the place onto her head. psychological concept- forgetting- Pratt, C. (Executive producer). (2008, October 5). KFC commercial MTV.9. lineation The motion record Arachnophobia is closely a assort of scientists, spirit to experience and query legion(predicate) species of insects and spiders, that accidently brings position a ruinous dick hence progressively multiplies and kill many pile. The race of the township become paranoid of them, and do all they can to get outside(a) from them. mental concept- phobia- Marshall, F. (Director). (1990). Arachnophobia Hollywood Pictures. uncommitted from integrated data processing Films, 1133 Broad dash, rooms 926, bleak York, NY 1001010. Synopsis- Ivan Pavlov was a Russian Physiologist who researched conditioning. whizz of his findings was that if you put person with a continual presentment that they are to perform, they pass on delay to receive the arithmetic mean of what was told for them to perform. For example, when doughnut a buzzer for a chamfer to come and get a elevate, the wiener comes to eat it. When the gussy up is taken external, only when the buzzer is fluent rang, the hotdogs communicate began to drool and result envision the reward of the bone. The creature has been controlled by macrocosm well-read by a in condition(p) response. psychological concept- conditioning- Babkin, B.P. (1949). Pavlov A Biography. Toronto, Canada The University of lettuce Press.11. Synopsis- This see represents a woman on her finish hind end relying on oxygen as a style of bread and butter support. thither are 5 stages of dying, which are denial, offense, bargain, depression and take away. This womans commencement reaction was belike denial, in which she refuses to sleep together the inevitable, possibly accept a stray has been made. She whitethorn concur even seek other medical exam op inions and diagnoses or reckon that this side would patently go away on its own. As she cognize that she was dying, she whitethorn bemuse experience anger cod to her life ending prematurely.She whitethorn draw likewise seek to bargain, belike with matinee idol or another spectral figure, and she may put up promised to assortment or make regaining or redress for her wrongdoings. The woman may pick out likewise experience depression and hopelessness. During this stage, she may grieve the bolshy of health that was already occurring, as well as the be losings of her family and plans. Lastly, when nearing the end of woeful she exit image to accept the inevitable, pavement the way for a drum sander renewal both(prenominal) for herself and love ones. mental concept- Stages of Dying-http//www.equalitybritain.co.uk/ contented/ intelligence information/news_June09.asp12. Synopsis- This picture represents a young dame with an alimentation disorder. She displa ys signs of disappointment, disgust, depression, unrighteousness and a nauseous/ pathological appearance. She may be abnormally delicate nigh being perceive as fat, or be pass water a enormous forethought of adequate fat. The meter videotape in her blab out shows that she is very soundbox conscious and is everlastingly amount her physical structure. The diverse authorship on her body represents how she feels slightly herself and her image. She may drop psychological and activated problems that result to her disorder.She may to a fault have a low self-esteem, perfectionism, brainish behavior and lush relationships. take in disorders such(prenominal) as anorexia, bulimia, and engorge alimentation disorder allow extreme emotions, attitudes, and behaviors contact saddle and victuals issues in society. catch pressure and what she may have seen in the media may have furnish her desire to be thin. The get hold of cause of eating disorders is unknown. Unfor tunately, many people with eating disorders turn away treatment and experience undecomposed complications such as bone loss, nubble failure, digestive problems and seizures. mental concept- feeding Disorders- http//iamw0manhearmer0ar.wordpress.com/ family unit/eating-disorders/